01Surfing02Skiing03Ice Skating04Hockey05Water Polo06Snowboarding07Surfing08Rowing09Surfing10Ice Skating11Skiing12Rowing13Water Polo14Rowing15Rowing16Ice Skating17Surfing18Water Polo19Hockey20Rowing21Surfing22Surfing23Ice Skating24Skiing25Water Polo26Water Polo27Skiing28Rowing29Hockey30Ice Skating31Hockey32Snowboarding33Ice Skating34Snowboarding35Snowboarding36Hockey37Snowboarding38Water Polo39Hockey40Snowboarding41Snowboarding42Surfing43Water Polo44Ice Skating45Skiing46Snowboarding47Hockey48Skiing49Surfing50Hockey51Water Polo52Water Polo53Skiing54Rowing55Hockey56Hockey57Rowing58Snowboarding59Skiing60Surfing61Rowing62Ice Skating63Ice Skating64Water Polo65Rowing66Snowboarding67Ice Skating68Skiing69Surfing70Skiing71Lacrosse72Yoga73Lacrosse74Yoga75Lacrosse76Yoga77Yoga78Lacrosse79Yoga80Lacrosse81Yoga82Lacrosse83Yoga84Lacrosse85Lacrosse86Lacrosse87Yoga88Yoga89Lacrosse90Lacrosse91Yoga92Yoga93Lacrosse94Yoga95Yoga96Lacrosse97Yoga98Yoga99Yoga100Yoga101Yoga102Yoga103Yoga104Lacrosse105Lacrosse106Yoga107Lacrosse108Yoga109Yoga110Lacrosse111Lacrosse112Yoga113Lacrosse114Lacrosse115Lacrosse116Lacrosse117Lacrosse118Yoga119Yoga120Yoga121Yoga122Lacrosse123Lacrosse124Yoga125Yoga126Bouldering127Rock Climbing128Rock Climbing129Powerlifting130Powerlifting131Bouldering132Bodybuilding133Bouldering134Bodybuilding135Powerlifting136Bouldering137Bodybuilding138Bouldering139Rock Climbing140Rock Climbing141Bodybuilding142Powerlifting143Bouldering144Powerlifting145Powerlifting146Bodybuilding147Rock Climbing148Bouldering149Powerlifting150Rock Climbing151Rock Climbing152Bouldering153Rock Climbing154Rock Climbing155Bouldering156Bodybuilding157Powerlifting158Rock Climbing159Bodybuilding160Bodybuilding161Bodybuilding162Rock Climbing163Bouldering164Powerlifting165Bodybuilding166Powerlifting167Powerlifting168Bouldering169Bodybuilding170Powerlifting171Rock Climbing172Rock Climbing173Bodybuilding174Powerlifting175Bouldering176Rock Climbing177Bodybuilding178Rock Climbing179Powerlifting180Powerlifting181Rock Climbing182Rock Climbing183Rock Climbing184Bodybuilding185Powerlifting186Bouldering187Bouldering188Bouldering189Powerlifting190Bodybuilding191Bouldering192Bodybuilding193Bodybuilding194Rock Climbing195Bouldering196Rock Climbing197Powerlifting198Bouldering199Bouldering200Bouldering201Bodybuilding202Bodybuilding203Bodybuilding204Powerlifting205Powerlifting206Golf207Gymnastics208Gymnastics209Track and Field210Gymnastics211Golf212Golf213Golf214Gymnastics215Golf216Track and Field217Track and Field218Gymnastics219Golf220Golf221Golf222Golf223Track and Field224Gymnastics225Golf226Gymnastics227Golf228Track and Field229Golf230Gymnastics231Track and Field232Gymnastics233Track and Field234Golf235Track and Field236Track and Field237Track and Field238Gymnastics239Track and Field240Track and Field241Gymnastics242Golf243Golf244Gymnastics245Track and Field246Gymnastics247Golf248Track and Field249Gymnastics250Track and Field251Gymnastics252Golf253Gymnastics254Gymnastics255Track and Field256Golf257Track and Field258Track and Field259Track and Field260Golf261Track and Field262Gymnastics263Gymnastics264Gymnastics265Golf266Triathlon267Triathlon268Triathlon269Hiking270Running271Hiking272Triathlon273Hiking274Running275Triathlon276Hiking277Running278Hiking279Running280Hiking281Triathlon282Triathlon283Running284Hiking285Hiking286Hiking287Running288Running289Hiking290Triathlon291Running292Running293Running294Triathlon295Triathlon296Running297Hiking298Hiking299Running300Running301Running302Triathlon303Triathlon304Running305Running306Hiking307Running308Hiking309Triathlon310Triathlon311Hiking312Triathlon313Triathlon314Running315Running316Hiking317Hiking318Triathlon319Hiking320Hiking321Running322Hiking323Triathlon324Triathlon325Stand-up Comedy326Tattooing327Poetry Writing328Poetry Writing329Tattooing330Violin331Poetry Writing332Stand-up Comedy333Singing334Stand-up Comedy335Tattooing336Poetry Writing337Tattooing338Stand-up Comedy339Stand-up Comedy340Violin341Violin342Singing343Violin344Stand-up Comedy345Poetry Writing346Stand-up Comedy347Stand-up Comedy348Singing349Violin350Stand-up Comedy351Stand-up Comedy352Tattooing353Poetry Writing354Tattooing355Singing356Poetry Writing357Tattooing358Stand-up Comedy359Tattooing360Singing361Singing362Violin363Singing364Poetry Writing365Singing366Violin367Violin368Violin369Tattooing370Poetry Writing371Stand-up Comedy372Poetry Writing373Violin374Singing375Tattooing376Stand-up Comedy377Poetry Writing378Tattooing379Violin380Stand-up Comedy381Singing382Violin383Tattooing384Tattooing385Tattooing386Singing387Poetry Writing388Poetry Writing389Poetry Writing390Singing391Violin392Tattooing393Stand-up Comedy394Violin395Stand-up Comedy396Singing397Poetry Writing398Singing399Singing400Violin401Tattooing402Tattooing403Stand-up Comedy404Stand-up Comedy405Poetry Writing406Singing407Tattooing408Stand-up Comedy409Poetry Writing410Singing411Poetry Writing412Singing413Violin414Stand-up Comedy415Singing416Tattooing417Stand-up Comedy418Stand-up Comedy419Tattooing420Tattooing421Violin422Violin423Poetry Writing424Tattooing425Poetry Writing426Violin427Violin428Violin429Poetry Writing430Tattooing431Violin432Violin433Poetry Writing434Poetry Writing435Stand-up Comedy436Stand-up Comedy437Stand-up Comedy438Tattooing439Tattooing440Violin441Singing442Violin443Poetry Writing444Singing445Singing446Singing447Singing448Poetry Writing449Singing450Web Design451Web Design452Web Design453Wine Making454Wine Tasting455Bartending456Wine Tasting457Wine Making458Woodworking459Woodworking460Wine Tasting461Wine Making462Wine Tasting463Wine Tasting464Web Design465Wine Tasting466Wine Making467Bartending468Bartending469Web Design470Wine Making471Woodworking472Woodworking473Wine Making474Wine Making475Web Design476Wine Tasting477Web Design478Wine Tasting479Woodworking480Wine Making481Woodworking482Wine Tasting483Wine Making484Bartending485Bartending486Woodworking487Wine Tasting488Bartending489Wine Tasting490Woodworking491Bartending492Web Design493Wine Making494Woodworking495Wine Making496Woodworking497Wine Tasting498Bartending499Web Design500Wine Tasting501Bartending502Woodworking503Woodworking504Web Design505Woodworking506Web Design507Web Design508Wine Making509Woodworking510Bartending511Woodworking512Web Design513Wine Making514Wine Tasting515Web Design516Wine Making517Wine Making518Wine Tasting519Web Design520Woodworking521Bartending522Wine Making523Web Design524Bartending525Wine Tasting526Wine Tasting527Bartending528Wine Tasting529Bartending530Woodworking531Woodworking532Wine Making533Web Design534Wine Making535Woodworking536Wine Making537Web Design538Bartending539Bartending540Woodworking541Woodworking542Web Design543Bartending544Bartending545Web Design546Wine Tasting547Woodworking548Wine Tasting549Woodworking550Bartending551Bartending552Bartending553Wine Making554Wine Tasting555Wine Making556Wine Tasting557Woodworking558Woodworking559Wine Making560Wine Tasting561Bartending562Wine Making563Bartending564Web Design565Bartending566Web Design567Web Design568Wine Tasting569Wine Making570Wine Tasting571Bartending572Bartending573Web Design574Web Design575Wine Making576Jiu-Jitsu577Jiu-Jitsu578Fencing579Jiu-Jitsu580Mixed Martial Arts581Wrestling582Jiu-Jitsu583Wrestling584Fencing585Wrestling586Fencing587Jiu-Jitsu588Mixed Martial Arts589Mixed Martial Arts590Wrestling591Mixed Martial Arts592Fencing593Mixed Martial Arts594Jiu-Jitsu595Jiu-Jitsu596Fencing597Jiu-Jitsu598Wrestling599Fencing600Mixed Martial Arts601Wrestling602Fencing603Fencing604Jiu-Jitsu605Mixed Martial Arts606Wrestling607Wrestling608Mixed Martial Arts609Mixed Martial Arts610Wrestling611Jiu-Jitsu612Wrestling613Fencing614Fencing615Mixed Martial Arts616Tennis617Tennis618Basketball619Soccer620Baseball621Baseball622Basketball623Table Tennis624Volleyball625Tennis626Volleyball627Table Tennis628Soccer629Soccer630Basketball631Baseball632Tennis633Volleyball634Baseball635Soccer636Tennis637Basketball638Baseball639Basketball640Table Tennis641Soccer642Basketball643Soccer644Soccer645Baseball646Volleyball647Table Tennis648Volleyball649Tennis650Table Tennis651Soccer652Table Tennis653Tennis654Soccer655Basketball656Table Tennis657Volleyball658Baseball659Basketball660Volleyball661Table Tennis662Baseball663Volleyball664Table Tennis665Volleyball666Tennis667Table Tennis668Volleyball669Basketball670Baseball671Baseball672Soccer673Basketball674Tennis675Tennis676Skateboarding677Skydiving678Skydiving679Skydiving680Skateboarding681Spelunking682Skateboarding683Skydiving684Skateboarding685Skydiving686Skateboarding687Spelunking688Skydiving689Skydiving690Spelunking691Spelunking692Spelunking693Spelunking694Spelunking695Spelunking696Spelunking697Skydiving698Skateboarding699Skydiving700Skydiving701Skydiving702Spelunking703Skydiving704Skydiving705Skydiving706Skateboarding707Skateboarding708Spelunking709Skateboarding710Skydiving711Spelunking712Skateboarding713Spelunking714Skateboarding715Skydiving716Skydiving717Skydiving718Skateboarding719Skateboarding720Skateboarding721Skateboarding722Spelunking723Skydiving724Skateboarding725Skateboarding726Spelunking727Spelunking728Skydiving729Spelunking730Skateboarding731Skateboarding732Spelunking733Skateboarding734Spelunking735Spelunking736Spelunking737Skateboarding738Skateboarding739Spelunking740Skydiving741Skydiving742Skydiving743Skydiving744Skateboarding745Spelunking746Skateboarding747Skateboarding748Spelunking749Spelunking750Skydiving751Swimming752Swimming753Swimming754Swimming755Swimming756Swimming757Swimming758Swimming759Swimming760Swimming761Swimming762Swimming763Swimming764Swimming765Swimming766Swimming767Swimming768Swimming769Swimming770Swimming771Swimming772Swimming773Swimming774Swimming775Swimming776Swimming777Swimming778Swimming779Swimming780Swimming781Swimming782Swimming783Swimming784Swimming785Swimming786Swimming787Swimming788Swimming789Swimming790Swimming791Swimming792Swimming793Swimming794Swimming795Swimming796Cycling797Cycling798Cycling799Cycling800Cycling801Cycling802Cycling803Cycling804Cycling805Cycling806Cycling807Cycling808Cycling809Cycling810Cycling811Cycling812Cycling813Cycling814Cycling815Cycling
Aerial
Maneuver where surfer and board leave water surface
Après-ski
Social activities after skiing
Axel
Jump taking off from forward edge and landing backward
Backcheck
Defensive pressure while retreating to own zone
Backhand
Shot taken with back of hand facing target
Backside (Snowboarding)
Turn or trick where back faces slope
Barrel
Hollow section of breaking wave that surfer can ride inside
Blade (Rowing)
Flat end of oar that enters water
Bottom Turn
Turn at bottom of wave face to set up ride
Camel Spin
Spin position with free leg extended horizontally behind
Carve
Turn technique using ski edges without skidding
Catch (Rowing)
Beginning of rowing stroke when oar enters water
Counterattack
Fast offensive transition after gaining possession
Cox
Coxswain who steers boat and calls race strategy
Crab
When oar gets stuck in water disrupting stroke rhythm
Crossover (Ice Skating)
Technique for turning and gaining speed
Cutback
Sharp turn back toward breaking section of wave
Defensive Press (Water Polo)
Defensive strategy applying constant pressure
Deke
Fake move to deceive opponent
Drive (Rowing)
Power phase of rowing stroke using legs and back
Drop In
Taking off on wave closest to breaking section
Duck Dive
Technique to dive under incoming waves
Edge (Ice Skating)
Inside or outside curve of skate blade
Edge (Skiing)
Metal strip on ski bottom used for control
Eggbeater
Treading water technique using alternating leg rotations
Ejection
Temporary removal from game for rule violation
Fall Line
Steepest and most direct path down slope
Feather (Rowing)
Rotating oar blade parallel to water during recovery
Five Hole
Space between goaltender's legs
Footwork (Ice Skating)
Sequence of steps and turns across ice
Forechecking
Pressuring opponents in their defensive zone
Frontside (Snowboarding)
Turn or trick where chest faces slope
Glide (Ice Skating)
Smooth movement across ice without pushing
Goofy
Stance with right foot forward on board
Halfpipe
U-shaped ramp for aerial maneuvers
Hat Trick
Three goals scored by same player in one game
Heel Edge
Turning using edge under heels
Hole Set
Offensive player positioned in front of goal
Icing
Illegal clearing of puck from behind center line
Jib
Sliding on rails, boxes, or other features
Kicker
Jump ramp in terrain park
Lineup
Area beyond breakers where surfers wait for waves
Lob Shot
High arcing shot over goalkeeper
Lutz
Jump taking off from back outside edge
Moguls
Bumps formed on ski slopes by repeated turns
Ollie (Snowboarding)
Jump technique lifting board off ground
One Timer
Shot taken immediately upon receiving pass
Parallel Turn
Turn with skis remaining parallel throughout
Pearl
Nose diving underwater when catching wave
Penalty Kill
Playing short-handed due to penalty
Penalty Shot
One-on-one shot against goalkeeper from 5-meter line
Pit
Area directly in front of goal where hole set plays
Powder (Skiing)
Fresh, deep, untracked snow
Power 10
Series of 10 hard strokes to gain advantage
Power Play
Advantage when opposing team has player in penalty box
Rebound (Hockey)
Puck that bounces off goaltender
Recovery (Rowing)
Return phase between strokes when oar is out of water
Regular (Snowboarding)
Stance with left foot forward on board
Schuss
Straight downhill run at high speed
Sets (Surfing)
Groups of larger waves that arrive together
Shell (Rowing)
Racing boat used in rowing
Spin (Ice Skating)
Rotation in place on ice
Spiral (Ice Skating)
Gliding on one foot with free leg extended
Steal
Taking ball away from opposing player
Stroke Rate (Rowing)
Number of strokes per minute
Toe Edge
Turning using edge under toes
Toe Pick
Serrated front section of figure skate blade
Traverse (Skiing)
Skiing across slope rather than straight down
Wipeout
Falling off board, usually due to wave power
Yard Sale
Spectacular crash leaving equipment scattered
Adjacent
Defensive player next to ball carrier
Alignment
Proper positioning of body in poses
Alley Dodge
Dodge along sideline using space
Asana
Physical postures or poses in yoga practice
Assist (Lacrosse)
Pass that directly leads to goal
Balance
Ability to maintain steady posture
Bandha
Energy locks created by muscle contractions
Bull Dodge
Power dodge straight to goal
Chakra
Energy centers along the spine
Check
Legal defensive contact with stick or body
Child's Pose
Resting position with knees down and arms forward
Clear
Moving ball from defensive to offensive end
Cobra Pose
Back-bending pose strengthening spine
Cradle (Lacrosse)
Rocking motion to keep ball secure in stick
Cut (Lacrosse)
Quick movement to get open for pass
Dodge
Offensive move to get past defender
Downward Dog
Fundamental pose forming inverted V shape
Drishti
Focused gaze point during poses
EMO
Extra man offense during opponent penalty
Face-off
Method of starting play with two players competing for ball
Flexibility
Range of motion in joints and muscles
Flow
Smooth transition between poses
Ground Ball
Loose ball on the ground that players compete for
Intention
Purpose or focus set for practice
Lotus Pose
Seated meditation pose with crossed legs
Man Down
Defensive situation when opponent has extra player
Mantra
Sacred sound or phrase for meditation
Meditation
Practice of sustained attention and awareness
Mindfulness
Present moment awareness without judgment
Modification
Adaptation of pose for individual needs
Mountain Pose
Basic standing pose with proper alignment
Mudra
Hand positions channeling energy
Namaste
Greeting recognizing divine in others, hands at heart
Overhand
Shooting or passing motion from above shoulder
Pick
Screen set to free up teammate
Plank Pose
Strengthening pose holding straight body position
Pocket
Netted area of stick head that holds the ball
Pranayama
Breathing techniques and breath control practices
Props
Equipment like blocks, straps, and bolsters
Question Mark Dodge
Curved dodge changing direction sharply
Ride
Defensive pressure preventing opponent from clearing
Savasana
Final relaxation pose lying flat
Save
Goalkeeper preventing goal attempt
Settled
Half-court offense against set defense
Sidearm
Shooting or passing motion from side
Slide
Defensive rotation to provide help
Stick
Equipment with netted head used to catch, carry, and throw ball
Strength
Muscular power developed through practice
Sun Salutation
Sequence of poses honoring the sun
Tree Pose
Balancing pose standing on one foot
Ujjayi
Breathing technique creating ocean-like sound
Underhand
Shooting or passing motion from below
Unsettled
Fast-break situation with numbers advantage
Vinyasa
Flow connecting postures with breath
Warrior Pose
Standing poses building strength and stability
Arete
Outside corner or edge of rock formation
Barn Door
Uncontrolled swinging away from rock face
Belay
Safety technique controlling rope for climbing partner
Belt
Supportive equipment worn around waist for core stability
Bench Press
Upper body exercise pressing weight from chest
Beta
Information about how to complete climbing moves
Bulk
Phase of gaining weight and muscle mass
Campus
Climbing using only arms without feet
Carb Load
Increasing carbohydrate intake to fill muscles before show
Commands
Official instructions given during competition lifts
Compression
Squeezing holds toward each other
Conditioning
Low body fat with high muscle definition and vascularity
Crash Pad
Foam mat providing protection from falls
Crimp
Grip using fingertips on small edge holds
Crux
Most difficult section of a climbing route
Cut (Bodybuilding)
Phase of losing fat while preserving muscle
Cutting
Process of losing weight to compete in lower class
Dabbing
Touching ground or object other than designated holds
Deadlift
Exercise lifting weight from floor to standing position
Deload
Reduced training volume to promote recovery
DOMS
Delayed onset muscle soreness after intense training
Dyno
Dynamic movement launching to distant hold
Eliminate
Modified version of problem restricting certain holds
Equipped
Lifting with supportive gear like suits and wraps
Flagging
Extending leg for balance without weight-bearing
Flash
Completing route successfully on first attempt
Gaston
Grip pushing sideways away from body
Grade
Rating system indicating climbing difficulty
Heel Hook
Using heel to pull body up or maintain position
Highball
Tall boulder problem where fall consequences are serious
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle fiber size
Knee Wraps
Elastic wraps providing knee support in squat
Lead Climbing
Climbing while placing protection and trailing rope
Lean Mass
Body weight minus fat mass
Macros
Macronutrients: protein, carbohydrates, and fats
Mandatory Poses
Required poses judged in bodybuilding competition
Mantle
Climbing move pressing up onto ledge like getting out of pool
Match
Placing both hands on same hold
Meet
Powerlifting competition with three attempts per lift
Off-Season
Period between competitions focused on building muscle
One Rep Max
Maximum weight that can be lifted for single repetition
Opener
Conservative first attempt in competition
Overhang
Rock face angled past vertical
Peak Week
Final week of preparation before competition
Peaking
Training phase preparing for maximum performance
Pinch
Grip squeezing hold between thumb and fingers
Pitch
Section of climb between belay stations
Posing
Art of displaying physique in competition
PR
Personal record, best lift achieved
Problem
Bouldering route or sequence of moves
Project
Challenging route worked on over multiple attempts
Pump (Bodybuilding)
Temporary muscle swelling from increased blood flow
Pump (Climbing)
Muscle fatigue in forearms from sustained gripping
Raw
Lifting without supportive equipment like suits or wraps
Red Light
Failed attempt in powerlifting competition
Redpoint
Completing route cleanly after previous practice
Route
Climbing path up rock face or artificial wall
Send
Successfully complete a route without falling
Shredded
Extremely low body fat with high muscle definition
Singlet
Tight-fitting uniform worn in powerlifting competition
Sit Start
Beginning boulder problem from sitting position
Slab
Rock face angled less than vertical
Spotter
Person helping guide falling climber to crash pad
Squat
Lower body exercise where athlete descends into seated position then stands
Stage Weight
Competition weight at lowest body fat
Stand Start
Beginning boulder problem from standing position
Striations
Visible muscle fiber separations indicating low body fat
Symmetry
Balanced development between body parts
Toe Hook
Using top of foot to pull or maintain position
Top Out
Completing boulder by climbing over the top
Top Rope
Climbing with rope anchored above the route
Total
Sum of best squat, bench press, and deadlift
Traverse (Climbing)
Horizontal movement across rock face
Under Cling
Grip pulling upward on bottom of hold
V-Scale
Grading system for bouldering difficulty (V0-V17)
Vacuum Pose
Pose sucking in abdomen to show small waist
Volume
Total amount of work performed in training
Water Depletion
Reducing water intake before competition for tighter appearance
White Light
Successful attempt in powerlifting competition
Wilks Score
Formula comparing strength across different body weights
Albatross
Score of three strokes under par, also called double eagle
Back Handspring
Backward jumping skill landing on hands then feet
Back Walkover
Backward bending skill ending in a standing position
Baton
Stick passed between runners in relay races
Beam
Narrow apparatus requiring balance and precision
Birdie
Score of one stroke under par for a hole
Bogey
Score of one stroke over par for a hole
Bunker
Sand hazard strategically placed around course
Cartwheel
Sideways skill with hands and feet touching in sequence
Chip Shot
Short shot near green with low trajectory
Decathlon
Men's combined event with ten track and field disciplines
Discus
Throwing event with a heavy disc
Dismount
Final skill performed when leaving an apparatus
Draw (Golf)
Ball flight curving gently from right to left for right-handers
Eagle
Score of two strokes under par for a hole
Fade (Golf)
Ball flight curving gently from left to right for right-handers
Fairway
Short grass area between tee and green where ideal shots land
False Start (Track)
Illegal start before the starting signal
Floor Exercise
Routine performed on spring floor with tumbling and dance
Fore
Warning shout to alert others of an approaching golf ball
Front Walkover
Forward bending skill passing through handstand
Green
Smooth putting surface around the hole
Hammer Throw
Throwing event with weighted ball on wire
Handicap (Golf)
System allowing players of different abilities to compete fairly
Handstand
Inverted position balanced on hands
Heptathlon
Women's combined event with seven track and field disciplines
High Bar
Men's apparatus with single horizontal bar for swinging routines
High Jump
Event where athletes jump over a horizontal bar
Hook (Golf)
Severe right-to-left ball flight for right-handers
Hurdles
Race involving jumping over barriers while maintaining speed
Javelin
Throwing event with a spear-like implement
Kick (Track)
Final acceleration in middle or long distance races
Layout
Body position completely straight and extended
Long Jump
Event measuring horizontal distance jumped from takeoff
Marathon
Long distance race of 26.2 miles or 42.195 kilometers
Mount (Gymnastics)
Initial skill used to get onto an apparatus
Mulligan
Informal do-over shot not counted in official scoring
Par (Golf)
Expected number of strokes for a skilled player to complete a hole
Parallel Bars
Men's apparatus with two parallel horizontal bars
Personal Best (Track)
Individual's fastest time or best mark in an event
Pike
Body position with legs straight and bent at hips
Pitch Shot
High, soft shot typically with a wedge
Pole Vault
Event using a pole to vault over a high bar
Pommel Horse
Men's apparatus featuring circular leg movements
Relay
Team race where runners pass a baton
Rings
Men's apparatus with two suspended rings requiring strength
Rough
Longer grass areas adjacent to fairway making shots more difficult
Round-off
Skill similar to cartwheel but landing with both feet together
Salto
Flip or somersault performed in gymnastics
Shot Put
Throwing event with heavy metal ball
Slice (Golf)
Severe left-to-right ball flight for right-handers
Split Time (Track)
Intermediate time at specific distance during longer race
Sprint (Track)
Short distance race run at maximum speed
Steeplechase
Distance race with hurdles and water jumps
Tee Box
Designated starting area for each hole
Triple Jump
Event consisting of hop, step, and jump phases
Tuck
Body position with knees pulled to chest
Uneven Bars
Women's apparatus with two horizontal bars at different heights
Vault
Apparatus involving running approach and jumping over vaulting table
Water Hazard
Penalty area containing water that affects play
Aero Bars
Aerodynamic handlebars reducing wind resistance
Age Group (Triathlon)
Competition category based on athlete age
Aquabike
Event combining swim and bike portions only
Backcountry
Remote wilderness areas away from developed facilities
Base Building (Running)
Phase of training focused on building aerobic fitness
Base Layer (Hiking)
Clothing layer next to skin for moisture management
Bike Check
Pre-race inspection ensuring bicycle safety and compliance
Blaze
Paint mark on trees indicating trail route
Bonk (Running)
Sudden energy depletion during endurance activities
Brick Workout
Training session combining two disciplines back-to-back
Bushwhacking
Hiking through dense vegetation without established trail
Cadence (Running)
Number of steps taken per minute while running
Cairn
Stack of stones marking trail or important location
Carb Loading
Dietary strategy to maximize glycogen stores before race
Day Pack
Small backpack for carrying essentials on day hikes
DNF (Racing)
Did not finish - withdrawal from race
Drafting (Triathlon)
Following closely behind another athlete to reduce wind resistance
Easy Run
Relaxed pace run for recovery and base building
Elevation Gain
Total vertical distance climbed during hike
Exposed
Trail section with little protection from weather or falls
False Summit
Peak that appears to be summit but isn't the highest point
Fartlek
Swedish training method mixing fast and slow running randomly
Forefoot Strike
Landing pattern where front of foot contacts ground first
Gaiters
Protective covering for lower legs and boot tops
Half Ironman
Triathlon distance: 1.2 mile swim, 56 mile bike, 13.1 mile run
Heel Strike
Landing pattern where heel contacts ground first
Ice Bath (Recovery)
Recovery method using cold water immersion
Intervals (Running)
Repeated periods of fast running with recovery periods
Ironman
Triathlon distance: 2.4 mile swim, 112 mile bike, 26.2 mile run
Kona
Ironman World Championship held in Hawaii
Lactate Threshold (Running)
Exercise intensity where lactate accumulates in blood
Layering System
Method of wearing multiple clothing layers for versatility
Leave No Trace
Outdoor ethics minimizing environmental impact
Long Run
Extended distance run at conversational pace
Midfoot Strike
Landing pattern where middle of foot contacts ground first
Negative Split (Running)
Running second half of race faster than first half
Nutrition Strategy
Plan for fueling during long distance events
Olympic Distance
Triathlon distance: 1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, 10 km run
Pace (Running)
Rate of speed, typically measured in minutes per mile or kilometer
PR (Running)
Personal record, best time achieved in a specific distance
Purification
Process of making water safe to drink
Runner's High
Euphoric feeling experienced during or after running
Scramble
Section requiring hands for balance and progress
Split Times
Individual times for each discipline in triathlon
Sprint Distance
Triathlon distance: 750 meter swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run
Switchback
Zigzag path up steep terrain to reduce grade
T1
First transition from swim to bike
T2
Second transition from bike to run
Taper (Running)
Reduction in training volume before important race
Tempo Run
Sustained effort at comfortably hard pace
Ten Essentials
Basic items every hiker should carry for safety
Trailhead
Starting point of a hiking trail with parking and information
Transition (Triathlon)
Area and process of changing between swim, bike, and run
Treeline
Elevation above which trees cannot grow
Trekking Poles
Walking aids providing stability and reducing impact
VO2 Max (Running)
Maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise
Water Source
Natural location to obtain drinking water
Wave Start
Staggered start with groups based on age or ability
Wetsuit (Triathlon)
Neoprene suit providing buoyancy and warmth in water
Act Out
Physical demonstration within verbal joke
Aftercare
Instructions for tattoo care during healing
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
Anaphora
Repetition of words at beginning of lines
Apprentice
Student learning tattooing under master artist
Arco
Playing with the bow after pizzicato
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds within words
Beat
Pause allowing audience to process humor
Belting
Powerful singing in chest voice at high pitches
Bit
Individual joke or comedic segment
Blackwork
Tattoo style using only black ink
Blank Verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Blowout
Ink spreading under skin creating fuzzy lines
Blue Material
Explicit or adult-oriented comedy content
Bombing
Performing poorly with little audience response
Bow
Long rod with horsehair used to play violin strings
Bow Hold
Proper grip and position for holding bow
Breath Support
Controlled use of air for sustained singing
Bridge (Violin)
Wooden piece supporting strings above soundboard
Bringer Show
Show requiring performers to bring audience members
Caesura
Pause or break within line of poetry
Callback
Reference to earlier joke or premise
Callback Chain
Series of related callbacks throughout set
Chest Voice
Lower register resonating in chest cavity
Chin Rest
Support piece for holding violin against jaw
Clean Comedy
Family-friendly comedy without explicit content
Closer
Strong final joke ending the set
Color Packing
Saturating areas with solid color
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds within words
Consultation
Initial meeting to discuss tattoo plans
Cool-down (Singing)
Gentle exercises after singing session
Couplet
Two consecutive rhyming lines
Cover-up
New tattoo designed to hide existing one
Crowd Work
Improvised interaction with audience members
Custom Work
Original tattoo design created for specific client
Diaphragm
Primary muscle used for breath support in singing
Diction
Clear pronunciation of words while singing
Double Stop
Playing two notes simultaneously
Dynamics
Volume variations in vocal performance
Enjambment
Line breaks that continue thought to next line
Falsetto
Light, breathy upper register in male voices
Fine Tuners
Small adjusters for precise string tuning
Fingerboard
Smooth wooden surface where fingers press strings
First Position
Basic hand position on violin neck
Flash (Tattoo)
Pre-drawn tattoo designs displayed in shop
Free Verse
Poetry without regular meter or rhyme
Green Light
Audience signal showing engagement and enjoyment
Haiku
Japanese three-line poem with 5-7-5 syllable pattern
Harmonics
High, flute-like tones created by light finger pressure
Head Voice
Upper register resonating in head cavity
Healing
Recovery process after getting tattooed
Heckler
Disruptive audience member interrupting performance
Imagery
Vivid descriptive language appealing to senses
Ink
Pigmented liquid deposited into skin
Intonation
Accuracy of pitch and tuning
Killing
Performing exceptionally well with strong audience response
Larynx
Voice box containing vocal cords
Legato
Smooth, connected playing style
Line Work
Initial outlining phase of tattoo process
Liner
Machine setup for creating tattoo outlines
Machine
Electric device powering tattoo needles
Melisma
Multiple notes sung on single syllable
Metaphor
Direct comparison between unlike things
Meter
Rhythmic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Metonymy
Substituting associated word for actual thing
Mixed Voice
Blended chest and head voice registers
Mute
Device placed on bridge to dampen sound
Needle
Sharp point that punctures skin to deposit ink
Open Mic
Performance opportunity for new or developing comics
Open String
Playing string without finger pressure
Opener (Comedy)
First joke establishing tone and connection
Passaggio
Transition zone between vocal registers
Personification
Giving human qualities to non-human things
Phrasing
Musical shaping of lyrical lines
Pitch (Singing)
Highness or lowness of musical tone
Pizzicato
Plucking strings with finger instead of bow
Placement
Location on body where tattoo will be applied
Portfolio
Collection of artist's best tattoo work
Premise
Basic idea or concept underlying joke
Punchline
Climactic part of joke that creates laughter
Quatrain
Four-line stanza
Range
Span from lowest to highest singable note
Realism
Photographic style achieving lifelike appearance
Red Light (Comedy)
Audience signal showing disengagement
Refrain
Repeated line or phrase throughout poem
Resonance
Amplification of voice in body cavities
Rhyme Scheme
Pattern of rhymes at end of lines
Riff
Vocal embellishment with rapid note changes
Rosin
Resin applied to bow hair for proper grip on strings
Rule of Three
Comedy structure with setup, reinforce, punchline
Run
Fast sequence of notes on single syllable
Session (Tattoo)
Single appointment for tattoo work
Set (Comedy)
Complete comedic performance of specific length
Setup
Beginning part of joke establishing context
Shader
Machine setup for filling and shading
Shading
Adding gradations and depth to tattoo
Shifting
Moving hand to different positions on fingerboard
Shoulder Rest
Padded support attached under violin
Simile
Comparison using "like" or "as"
Sleeve
Large tattoo covering entire arm
Sonnet
Fourteen-line poem with specific rhyme scheme
Sound Post
Internal wooden dowel affecting violin resonance
Spiccato
Bounced bow technique off string
Staccato
Short, detached playing style
Stanza
Group of lines forming unit of poem
Stencil
Transfer paper template for tattoo design
Sul Ponticello
Bowing near bridge for glassy tone
Sul Tasto
Bowing over fingerboard for soft tone
Symbolism
Use of objects to represent deeper meanings
Synecdoche
Part representing whole or vice versa
Tag
Additional punchline extending original joke
Tight Five
Five-minute set with only best material
Timing
Rhythmic pacing of joke delivery
Touch-up
Minor corrections after initial healing
Traditional Style
Classic American tattoo aesthetic with bold lines
Tremolo
Rapid back-and-forth bowing motion
Vibrato (Singing)
Natural oscillation in sustained tones
Vibrato (Violin)
Oscillating pitch technique for expression
Villanelle
Complex form with repeated lines and rhymes
Vocal Break
Sudden register change or crack
Vocal Cords
Tissue folds producing voice in larynx
Vocal Fatigue
Tiredness and strain in voice
Vocal Fry
Low, creaky voice production
Volta
Turning point or shift in poem
Warm-up (Singing)
Vocal exercises preparing voice for singing
A/B Testing
Comparing two versions to see which performs better
Above the Fold
Content visible without scrolling
Accessibility
Design usable by people with disabilities
Acid Test
Measuring acidity levels in wine
Acidity
Tartness and freshness in wine
Back
Chaser or side drink
Balance (Wine)
Harmony between wine components
Barrel Aging
Storing wine in oak containers
Bevel
Angled cut across face or edge
Biscuit Joint
Connection using oval wooden biscuits
Blend
Wine combining multiple grape varieties
Blending
Combining different wines for balance
Body
Weight and fullness of wine in mouth
Bouquet
Complex aromas from aging and development
Breadcrumbs
Navigation showing user's location path
Breathing
Allowing wine to oxidize and open up
Brix
Measurement of sugar content in grapes
Build (Cocktail)
Constructing drink directly in serving glass
Call
Drink ordered with specific brand
Call to Action
Element prompting user to take action
Cap
Layer of skins floating during red fermentation
Chamfer
Angled cut along edge or corner
Clamp
Tool applying pressure during glue-up
Clarification
Process of removing particles and sediment
Cold Soak
Pre-fermentation extraction at low temperature
Color Palette
Selected colors used throughout design
Complexity
Multiple layers of flavors and aromas
Conversion Rate
Percentage of visitors completing desired action
Crisp
Fresh, clean taste with good acidity
Crosscut
Cut made perpendicular to wood grain
Crush
Breaking grape skins to release juice
Dado
Rectangular groove cut across wood grain
Decanting
Pouring wine into separate container
Degassing
Removing carbon dioxide from wine
Dirty
With olive brine added
Double Strain
Using two strainers for ultra-smooth cocktails
Dovetail
Strong interlocking joint resembling dove's tail
Dry
Wine with little or no residual sugar
Dry (Cocktail)
Less sweet vermouth in cocktail
Earthy
Flavors reminiscent of soil or forest floor
End Grain
Cross-section showing cut ends of fibers
Express
Releasing citrus oils over drink
Favicon
Small icon displayed in browser tab
Fermentation
Process converting sugars to alcohol
Figure
Decorative grain patterns in wood
Filtration
Removing particles through filter media
Finish
Protective and decorative coating
Finish (Wine)
Lingering taste after swallowing
Float
Layer ingredient on top of drink
Footer
Bottom section of webpage
Fruit Forward
Wine emphasizing fruit flavors
Garnish
Decorative and aromatic final touch
Glue-up
Process of joining pieces with adhesive
Grain
Direction and pattern of wood fibers
Grid System
Framework for organizing layout elements
Hardwood
Dense wood from deciduous trees
Header (Web)
Top section of webpage
Hierarchy
Arrangement showing relative importance
Hydrometer
Tool measuring specific gravity and sugar
Jig
Guide tool for repeatable cuts or operations
Jigger
Double-sided measuring tool for spirits
Kerf
Width of material removed by saw blade
Landing Page
Single page designed for specific purpose
Lees
Dead yeast and sediment after fermentation
Legs
Droplets running down glass after swirling
Load Time
Time required for page to fully display
Maceration
Skin contact extracting color and tannins
Malolactic
Secondary fermentation softening acidity
Minerality
Stone or earth-like characteristics
Mockup
Visual representation of final design
Mortise
Rectangular hole cut to receive tenon
Muddler
Tool for crushing fruits and herbs
Must
Crushed grapes before or during fermentation
Navigation
System for moving through website
Neat
Spirit served without ice or mixers
Nose
Aroma and bouquet of wine
Oak
Flavor and texture from barrel aging
On the Rocks
Served over ice cubes
Palate
Taste and mouthfeel of wine
Perfect
Equal parts sweet and dry vermouth
Planing
Smoothing and sizing wood with plane
Pocket Hole
Angled hole for hidden screw connection
Press (Wine)
Extracting juice from crushed grapes
Prototype
Interactive model showing functionality
Punch Down
Submerging grape cap during fermentation
Rabbet
Step-like recess cut along edge
Racking
Transferring wine off sediment
Responsive
Design adapting to different screen sizes
Rim
Coating glass edge with salt or sugar
Rinse
Coating glass interior with spirit
Rip Cut
Cut made parallel to wood grain
Sanding
Smoothing wood surface with abrasive
SEO
Optimization for search engine rankings
Shake
Vigorous mixing method with ice
Shaker
Container for mixing drinks with ice
Sidebar
Vertical column alongside main content
Smooth
Texture without harsh or rough elements
Softwood
Wood from coniferous evergreen trees
Spicy
Flavors suggesting pepper or warm spices
Stain
Coloring agent for wood
Stir
Mixing method for spirit-forward cocktails
Straight Up
Chilled and strained, no garnish
Strainer
Tool preventing ice from entering the glass
Sulfites
Preservatives preventing oxidation and spoilage
Sweet
Wine with noticeable residual sugar
Tannins
Compounds providing structure and astringency
Tannins (Tasting)
Astringent compounds creating drying sensation
Template
Pattern for tracing or routing
Tenon
Projecting piece fitting into mortise
Terroir
Environmental factors affecting grape character
Terroir (Tasting)
Taste expression of vineyard environment
Top Shelf
Premium spirits
Topping
Filling containers to prevent oxidation
Twist
Citrus peel garnish expressing oils
Typography
Art and technique of arranging text
Up
Chilled but served without ice
User Experience
Overall experience of using website
User Interface
Visual elements users interact with
Varietal
Wine made primarily from single grape type
Vintage
Year grapes were harvested
Vintage (Tasting)
Year grapes were harvested
Well
House brand spirits
Wet
More sweet vermouth in cocktail
White Space
Empty space around design elements
Wireframe
Basic layout structure without visual design
Yeast
Microorganisms converting sugar to alcohol
Armbar
Joint lock targeting opponent's elbow
Berimbolo
Complex sweeping technique involving spinning under opponent
Blade Work
Manipulation of weapons in contact with opponent's blade
Bridge
Hip thrust movement to create space or escape
Clinch
Close-range grappling position standing up
Cradle
Pinning technique that secures head and leg together
De La Riva
Guard position with one leg hooked behind opponent's leg
Double Leg
Takedown attacking both of opponent's legs simultaneously
En Garde
Starting position and command to begin fencing
Escape
Getting away from opponent's control without gaining control yourself
Fleche
Running attack where fencer passes opponent
Gi
Traditional uniform worn in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Ground and Pound
Technique of taking opponents down and striking them on the ground
Guard
Defensive position on back with legs controlling opponent
Half Nelson
Control technique with arm under opponent's arm and behind neck
Kimura
Shoulder lock submission technique
Lunge
Attacking movement extending forward leg and arm
Mount
Top position sitting on opponent's torso
No-Gi
Jiu-jitsu practiced without the traditional uniform
Omoplata
Shoulder lock using legs to control opponent's arm
Parry
Defensive action deflecting opponent's attack
Pass
Getting past opponent's legs to achieve dominant position
Pin
Holding both of an opponent's shoulders to the mat simultaneously
Piste
Rectangular strip where fencing takes place
Rear Naked Choke
Chokehold applied from behind opponent's back
Reversal
Moving from bottom to top position and gaining control
Right of Way
Priority rules determining who scores when both hit
Riposte
Counter-attack immediately following successful parry
Shrimp
Hip escape movement to create space and improve position
Side Control
Top position perpendicular to opponent lying on side
Single Leg
Takedown targeting one of opponent's legs
Sprawl
Defensive technique to avoid takedowns by extending legs back
Sprawl and Brawl
Fighting style focused on defending takedowns and striking
Submission
Technique that forces opponent to give up due to pain or unconsciousness
Suplex
Throwing technique where opponent is lifted and thrown backward
Sweep
Technique to reverse positions from bottom to top
Takedown
Technique used to bring an opponent from standing to the ground
Thrust
Forward attacking movement with point of weapon
Touch
Successful hit that scores a point
Triangle Choke
Chokehold using legs to form triangle around opponent's neck
Ace
Serve that opponent cannot return, winning the point immediately
Approach Shot
Shot used to move forward to net position
Assist (Basketball)
Pass leading directly to teammate's score
Assist (Soccer)
Pass leading directly to goal
Balk
Illegal motion by pitcher resulting in baserunner advancement
Ball (Baseball)
Pitch outside strike zone not swung at
Block (Basketball)
Defensive rejection of shot attempt
Block (Table Tennis)
Defensive shot against fast attack
Block (Volleyball)
Defensive action at net against attack
Break Point
Opportunity for receiving player to win opponent's service game
Bump
Pass using forearms to contact ball
Chop
Defensive shot with heavy underspin
Corner Kick
Restart from corner after ball goes out off defending team
Cross (Soccer)
Pass from wide area toward goal area
Crossover (Basketball)
Dribbling move to change direction and beat defender
Curveball
Pitch with downward and sideways break
Deuce
Score of 40-40, requiring two consecutive points to win game
Dig
Defensive save of attacked ball
Double Play
Defensive play retiring two runners
Dribble
Moving ball with feet while maintaining control
Drop Shot
Softly hit shot that barely clears net and drops short
Dunk
Shot where player jumps and forces ball down through hoop
ERA
Earned run average - pitcher's runs allowed per nine innings
Fast Break
Quick transition from defense to offense
Flick
Quick wrist shot against short ball
Free Kick
Restart after foul with opponents 10 yards away
Free Throw
Uncontested shot from foul line worth one point
Goal (Soccer)
Point scored by getting ball into opponent's net
Header (Soccer)
Playing ball with head
Home Run
Hit that allows batter to circle all bases and score
Kill
Attack that results in immediate point
Let
Point replayed due to net interference or other interruption
Libero
Specialized defensive player who cannot attack above net
Lob
High shot over opponent's head
Loop
Topspin shot with curved racket motion
Offside
Violation when player is ahead of last defender when ball is played
Paddle
Racquet used in table tennis, also called bat or racket
Passing Shot
Shot that goes past net player for winner
Penalty
Free shot from penalty spot after foul in box
Pick and Roll
Offensive play involving screen and roll to basket
Push
Passive shot with underspin
Quick Set
Fast, low set to middle attacker
RBI
Run batted in - run scored due to batter's action
Rebound (Basketball)
Gaining possession of missed shot
Rotation
Clockwise movement of players after winning serve
Rubber
Surface material on paddle affecting ball spin and speed
Sacrifice Fly
Out that allows runner to score from third base
Serve (Volleyball)
Shot that initiates play
Service
Shot that starts each point
Set (Volleyball)
Pass positioned for teammate to attack
Slice
Backward rotation on ball causing low bounce
Smash
Powerful downward shot against high ball
Spike
Powerful downward attack shot
Steal (Basketball)
Taking ball away from opposing team
Stolen Base
Runner advancing to next base during play
Strike (Baseball)
Pitch in strike zone or swung at and missed
Tackle (Soccer)
Defensive move to take ball from opponent
Three-Pointer
Shot worth three points from beyond arc
Topspin
Forward rotation on ball causing it to dip and bounce high
Volley
Shot hit before ball bounces
50-50 Grind
Sliding on obstacle with both trucks on edge
AAD
Automatic Activation Device that deploys reserve parachute
AFF
Accelerated Free Fall training program for solo jumpers
Altimeter
Device showing altitude during jump
Backside
Rotating or approaching with back of body leading
Backup Light
Secondary lighting in case primary fails
Bail
Jumping off board to avoid crash
BASE
Jumping from Buildings, Antennas, Spans, and Earth
Bearings
Metal balls inside wheels allowing smooth rotation
Belly Flying
Traditional freefall position facing earth
Boardslide
Sliding sideways on obstacle with board perpendicular
Breakdown
Area of fallen rock creating obstacles
Breakoff
Separating from formation before deployment altitude
Canopy
Parachute fabric that provides lift and control
Cave Conservation
Practices protecting cave environments
Cave Pack
Specialized backpack designed for underground use
Cave System
Network of connected underground passages and chambers
Chamber
Large open space within cave system
Column
Formation where stalactite and stalagmite meet
Compass
Navigation instrument for determining direction
Crawlway
Low passage requiring hands and knees navigation
Cutaway
Jettisoning main parachute to deploy reserve
Deck (Skateboard)
Wooden platform of skateboard that rider stands on
Deployment
Opening the parachute during descent
DZ
Drop Zone - airport or facility for skydiving
Exit
Leaving the aircraft to begin skydive
Flowstone
Mineral deposits creating smooth cave formations
Formation
Multiple skydivers linking together in freefall
Free Flying
Advanced body positions like head down or sit flying
Freefall
Period falling through air before parachute deployment
Frontside
Rotating or approaching with front of body leading
Grip Tape
Sandpaper-like surface on top of deck
Headlamp
Primary lighting source worn on head
Heelflip
Trick where board flips using heel instead of toe
Hop and Pop
Jump with immediate parachute deployment
Inclinometer
Tool measuring passage slopes and angles
Kickflip
Trick where board flips sideways while in air
Knee Pads
Protective gear for crawling in caves
Lipslide
Sliding trick approaching obstacle from opposite side
Load
Group of skydivers on single aircraft
Logbook
Record of all skydives including details and signatures
Manifest
Sign-up process for getting on loads
Manual
Balancing on back wheels while rolling forward
Mongo
Pushing skateboard with front foot instead of back foot
Nose Manual
Balancing on front wheels while rolling
Ollie
Fundamental trick jumping with board without using hands
Passage
Tunnel or corridor connecting cave chambers
PLF
Parachute Landing Fall technique for safe landing
Pop Shuvit
Trick rotating board 180 degrees horizontally
Primo
Balancing on edge of skateboard deck
Prusik
Rope climbing technique using friction knots
Rappel
Controlled descent using rope
Reserve
Backup parachute for emergency situations
Rimstone
Mineral dams creating pools in caves
Session (Skateboard)
Skateboarding gathering or practice time
Slam
Hard fall or crash while skateboarding
Speleothem
Cave formation created by mineral deposits
Spot
Location suitable for skateboarding
Squeeze
Tight passage requiring body contortion to pass
Stalactite
Mineral formation hanging from cave ceiling
Stalagmite
Mineral formation growing up from cave floor
Stance
Foot position on board - regular or goofy
Street
Skateboarding using urban architecture and obstacles
Survey
Mapping cave passages with measurements
Swooping
High-speed canopy maneuvers near ground
Tandem
Skydiving attached to experienced instructor
Terminal Velocity
Maximum falling speed when air resistance equals gravity
Track
Body position for horizontal movement in freefall
Tre Flip
Advanced trick combining kickflip and 360 shuvit
Trip Leader
Experienced caver responsible for group safety
Trucks
Metal axles connecting wheels to deck
Vert
Vertical skating on ramps and pipes
Vertical
Cave section requiring rope techniques
White Nose Syndrome
Disease affecting cave-dwelling bats
Wingsuit
Special jumpsuit with fabric wings for gliding
Aerobic Base
Moderate intensity endurance training
Bilateral Breathing
Breathing on both sides during freestyle
Build
Gradually increasing speed during a swim
Bulkhead
Movable wall to adjust pool length
Catch
Initial part of stroke when hand enters and grabs water
Circle Swimming
Multiple swimmers sharing a lane
Cool-down
Easy swimming after intense training
Cut
Qualifying time for higher level competition
Deck
Pool area where swimmers and coaches stand
Descending
Each repeat swim faster than the previous
Distance Per Stroke
Efficiency measure
DQ
Disqualification for rule violation
Easy Swimming
Low-intensity swimming
False Start
Leaving starting block before signal
Fins
Foot gear to increase propulsion during training
Front Crawl
Technical name for freestyle stroke
Gutter
Pool edge overflow system
Heat
Group of swimmers racing together
Hypoxic Training
Swimming with restricted breathing patterns
Individual Medley
Race combining all four strokes in order
Kickboard
Flotation device for kick-only training
Lactate Threshold
Intensity where lactic acid accumulates
Lane Rope
Floating barriers separating swim lanes
Negative Split
Swimming second half of race faster than first half
Open Turn
Touch-and-go turn used in breaststroke and butterfly
Pace Clock
Large timer for interval training
Paddles
Hand devices to increase resistance and stroke feel
Personal Best
Individual's fastest time
Pull Buoy
Foam device held between legs during arm-only sets
Recovery Swimming
Low-intensity swimming for active rest
Seed Time
Previous best time used for event entry
Send-off
Departure time for interval training
Shave Down
Removing body hair before major competition
Sighting
Lifting head to navigate in open water
Snorkel
Breathing tube allowing continuous stroke work
Split
Time for portion of a race or swim
Starting Blocks
Platforms for race starts
Streamline
Body position for maximum hydrodynamics (arms overhead, tight)
Stroke
Swimming technique (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly)
Stroke Rate
Number of strokes per minute
Stroke Recovery
Non-propulsive phase when arm returns to starting position
Tapering
Reducing training volume before competition
Tech Suit
High-performance racing swimsuit
Warm-up
Preparatory swimming before main workout
Yardage
Total distance swum in practice
Bonk
Running out of energy/glycogen during a ride
Bottom Bracket
The bearing system that connects cranks to frame
Breakaway
Small group of riders ahead of the main pack
Cadence
Pedaling rhythm (revolutions per minute)
Cassette
The cluster of gears on the rear wheel
Chainring
The front gears attached to the cranks
Derailleur
Mechanism that moves the chain between gears
Drafting
Riding behind someone to reduce wind resistance
Drivetrain
The system that transfers power from pedals to wheels (chain, cassette, derailleurs)
Dropout
Frame slots where the rear wheel attaches
Echelon
Diagonal riding formation used in crosswinds
Groupset
Complete set of components (shifters, derailleurs, brakes, etc.)
Headset
Bearing system that allows steering
Hitting the Wall
Another term for bonking - sudden energy depletion
Mashing
Pedaling with high resistance, low cadence
Peloton
Main group of riders in a race
Pull
Taking a turn at the front of a group to set pace
Slipstreaming
Another term for drafting - riding in someone's wind shadow
Soft Pedal
Easy, recovery-pace riding
Spinning
Pedaling with high cadence, low resistance